At the present time the Swiss watch industry is applying 2 parallel technologies: electronic technology, with the analog quartz watch and the more standard technology of the mechanical watch which origin goes back in the 14th century. Some of the finest replica watches on the internet today use the same technology.
In provisions of volume, approximately 90% of the production is made up of principally the analog sorts of battery-operated, electronic watches. The other 10% are mechanical products with vital export values as these represent over 52% of the exports of Swiss timepieces.
The heart of an analog quartz watch is the integrated circuit, and this is made of electronic elements grouped together on a few square millimeters' worth of base.
A small battery is the source of energy, and it can last for several years. The time is divided by a quartz oscillator which is created to vibrate by the energy supplied by the battery. Quartz watches are extremely accurate with a yearly change of only a minute each year (less than a second a day), thanks to the high frequency of their vibrations (32 kHz). There are two main kinds of products in this field:
one) analog display watches (hands), 2) digital display watches; this is fitted with liquid crystals which receive, straight from the integrated circuit, the impulses needed to display the time. Mechanical transmission is non-existent.
An electronic (quartz) watch's functioning principle
1) Power is offered by the battery 2) Integrated circuit, controlling the quartz and the stepping motor three) Time is divided by the oscillating quartz four) The frequency is controlled by the trimmer five) Stepping motor, transforming the electrical impulses into mechanical power 6) Gear train, activating the hours, mins, seconds hands seven) Analog display.
To create a double display, which is helpful for measuring short time intervals, these two product types are combined in the same finished watch.
The normal mechanical timepiece is made up of about 130 parts assembled in the three main parts which are the source of energy, the controlling parts and the display. The number of element parts is much higher in so-called difficult watches (date, phases of moon, fly-back hand, and so on). The movement or the watch's internal mechanisms is made by the "bauche" composed of about 60 parts, and this makes it feasible to maintain the spring's relentless tension once it's been automatically (by wrist movements) or manually wound, as well as to regulate the display. A watch is alleged to be finished when the movement has been fitted with a dial, hands, and case.
Working principles of a mechanical watch
1) Barrel/mainspring providing the power two) Gear train, transmitting the power 3) Escapement, distributing the impulses 4) The division of time is made by the oscillating balance wheel and hairspring 5a) Winding stem, for manual winding and setting 5b) Oscillating Weight, for automated winding 6) Dial train, activating the hours, mins, seconds hands
With these two technologies combined, a new type of watch movement was made, and this is basically a self-winding watch with the quartz prevision - it runs with a traditional quartz movement while getting its energy the same way as a self-winding mechanical movement.
Its working principle is simple and however revolutionary: an oscillating weight streches the mainspring which release starts a micro-generator converting the mechanical energy into electrical power. A capacitor is where this power is accumulated in. The integrated circuit then provides the impulses to the stepping motor and controls the power supply of a normal quartz watch.
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